Land surveying is a technique to identify the terrestrial/3D position of points and the distances with angles between them. This surveying procedure includes attainment of data relating to the physical features of land specifically the relative position of points. Advanced land surveying procedures are used to research and analyze external deformations in large structures. The expert land surveyors’ conduct surveys to identify land positions and boundaries. They also use numerous methodologies of measurement, analysis, mapping, land description writing, research techniques, engineering, trigonometry, mathematics and law to assess and evaluate the properties.
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Land surveys can be classified as either geodetic surveys or plane surveys. In geodetic surveys extremely accurate positions are considered and it usually covers large geographical regions. It needs the curvature of the earth along with some additional land survey techniques such as triangulation, trilateration as well as astronomical direction fixing. In real terms, land surveys are used to study and determine the land surface, shape and features. It eventually provides a comprehensive and deep description of the land characteristics including: vegetation cover and elevations, etc. mentioned in maps.
Land surveying typically includes the gathering of information, interpretation of information, figures of landscape, 3-D details of the surface and exact measurements for distinguishing the particular landforms. The result of land survey is the structured and graphic representation of information that allows the surveyors’ to offer exact 3 dimensional drawings. Exact land measurement and reckoning of these graphical positions is one of the basic elements of land surveying. There are many crucial land surveying techniques including: ALTA / ACSM land title surveys (ALTA surveys), trilateration, high-definition surveying – HDS (3d laser scanning), leveling, radiation, topographic surveys, geodetic survey, triangulation and GPS land survey. There are various land survey techniques that are used in various situations; moreover the above-mentioned are the fundamental surveying techniques that are used most commonly amongst the land surveyors.